Vascularized bone grafts to the upper extremities

Materials and methods The reconstructed site was the humerus in 15 cases, the radius, the ulna or the wrist joint in 22 cases, carpal or metacarpal bone in 52. The etiologies consisted of three traumatic bone defects, 13 traumatic nonunions of long bone, two osteonecroses of the humeral head, eight osteomyelitis, nine case after resections of bone tumor, two congenital pseudoarthroses of the ulna, one congenital club hand, 23 nonunions of the scaphoid fracture, 26 Kienböck’s deseases and two Preiser’s desease. As the donor site, we used fibula graft for segmental bone defects by trauma or after resection of bone tumor, pedicled scapula graft for lesions around the head or neck of humerus, thin corticoperiosteal graft from the medial femoral condyle for nonunions with small bone defect, vascularlized bone from the distal radius for nonunions of scaphoid fractures, Kienböck’s diseases or Preiser’s diseases.